## Overview "New Jersey's Federal Judges" refers not to a formal organization, but to the collective of judges serving the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, a federal trial court with jurisdiction over the entire state[1][7]. These judges are part of the federal judiciary, distinct from New Jersey’s state courts, and handle a wide array of cases under federal law[9]. ## Functions and Responsibilities The District of New Jersey’s federal judges preside over both civil and criminal cases, conducting bench and jury trials, plea hearings, sentencings, injunction hearings, and rulings on motions[9]. The court is divided into three vicinages—Newark, Trenton, and Camden—each with its own courthouse[3]. The federal bench includes both active and senior (retired) judges, as well as magistrate judges who handle initial proceedings, pretrial matters, and, with parties’ consent, some civil trials[9]. The court is known for its leadership in complex multidistrict litigation and intellectual property cases, reflecting the state’s significant business and technology sectors[8]. ## History and Evolution Established in 1789, the District of New Jersey has grown from a modest operation into a complex institution with approximately 40 senior, district, and magistrate judges, supported by hundreds of staff across its three locations[8]. The number of authorized judgeships has expanded over time in response to increasing caseloads, with the current structure reflecting decades of legislative adjustments[4]. The court’s history is marked by adaptation to the evolving demands of federal jurisprudence and the state’s unique legal environment[8]. ## Key Achievements and Current Status The District of New Jersey is recognized nationally for its efficiency and expertise in handling sophisticated litigation, particularly in business and technology-related disputes[8]. Its judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, serving lifetime appointments under Article III of the U.S. Constitution[9